Inflation
Inflation
The concept of Inflation has been used to describe the enormous expansion of the universe in the moments after the Big Bang. It refers to the actual expansion of space due to radiation pressure and I would like to render an altered version of this concept as the main contribution of this paper. I would like to propose another but similar meaning to the concept of inflation. This is called Local Galactic Inflation. The significance of the galaxy will become obvious during our discussions, but the expansion of space as discussed in the previous section is a continuous process and the black hole of each galaxy is the main contributor to this local galactic space creation.
Let’s forget about the Big Bang first and get back to the generally accepted opinion that each galaxy has its own black hole. It is also well accepted that matter entering a black hole radiates to the extent that only about half of the mass actually enters the black hole. Even though it is generally believed that even light cannot escape the event horison, Steven Hawking has postulated that radiation still occurs (Hawking radiation). The deductions relating to electro-magnetic waves in the previous section become relevant and I am sure that the version of inflation that I put forward in this paper may not be that different to the accepted general understanding, but the Energy Cycle we will define has certainly altered my view of the universe and the balance of Energy.
To demonstrate a point I have used a black hole, but every object in the universe is emitting (black body radiation) or reflecting radiation. These all contribute to space but sometimes, depending on size, negligibly to inflation. At this stage I do not want to complicate the discussion with time dilation and relativity, but hopefully when we discuss this later a few more ideas will be on the table.
Obviously the shorter the wavelength near the mass means more waves piled up and thus a more “dense space”. This concept of space density seems not to have been used in classic physics but is essential to this paper. The number of electromagnetic waves would also supply a measure of density to space. The form of the standing wave itself IS thus the fabric of space and gazillions of waves in all directions of our three dimensional perception ARE space. It is interesting that once this concept has been internalised, you realise that EVERYTHING consists of some format of the energy wave and this article is about these various forms, their characteristics and the transformations. The main player in this energy cycle is the galaxy and I will first complete this galactic cycle in an attempt to round off each process before applying these same principles to the universe.
I am going to repeat this concept of emission creating space by stating that even if the standing wave were not distorted by gravitation, it would still provide support for the next wave being emitted to propagate through to create the next building block of space. Even though each wave emitted is propagating over the standing waves that have formed ahead of it, if it reaches the point where “no space” is encountered it will reflect back from the “no space” interface and form another standing wave. This standing wave creation is busy creating space a priori, but there is a secondary mechanism at play here and this is inflation. Each space forming standing wave has been distorted by the gravity of the body emitting it. This pent up wave is resonating in its specific harmonic which is related to its frequency, but the spatial ligitimacy of the standing wave is under tension due to the increased amplitude of the wave. This will provide the “force” necessary for the extension of the wavelength of the standing wave which sustains Inflation (… this is not propagation we are talking about here). These waves are being extended forward in the direction of their wavelength by the high energy that was instilled in them at the point of emission. The fact that each wave is itself inflating merely speeds up the spatial extent of the process of space creation. Even this combined push is not propagation!!! If the front wave of the set happens to be moving faster than light relative to the origin at any stage, then so be it. There is no rule to say this cannot be. But my gut feel says that this process is probably a lot slower than light because from a relativity point of view (as we will see later) the speed of light is actually determined by the density of this inflating fabric. We will return to this fact at a later stage when discussing gravity. Neither inflation nor gravity are bound by the speed of light because they are not primarily mediated by propagating waves or particles.
Once again, even if there were no inflation the force of the latest wave would have an immediate effect on the spatial extent of space. There are thus two factors involved in space creation: Extension (new standing waves) and Inflation.
One major characteristic of inflation is the fact that it is driven by a FORCE. As will be discussed later under quantum physics this force has it’s origin in the energy within the wave form itself. Merely the tendency of these gazillions of waves to reach the speed of light in non mass warped space (which defines the end of Inflation) and the resultant harmony of their characteristics (frequency, ampilitude, wavelength) in their “natural” conformation is the very being of the driving force of inflation. By this I mean that every wave seeks to attain it’s natural harmonic of frequency, wavelength and amplitude in which state it can resonate with it’s buddies all travelling at the speed of light in a space unaffected by mass distortion. Tendency to harmonic stability is the only “force” that exists and each of the “four forces of nature” are based on the same inherent wave tendencies. We will discuss this under quantum mechanical considerations later. This notion is of course essential to mention now mainly because inflation and gravity are related by this concept and form the main players of the Galactic Energy Cycle. More about gravity later and more about forces under the section on forces and quantum mechanics.
- Dark Energy
Why all this fuss about electromagnetic radiation? Well, according to the standard model of cosmology (Lambda-CDM model) only about 4% of the mass in the universe consists of baryonic matter. This is basically matter that we can see in the form of stars and galaxies and on average this represents a density of about one atom per 15 cubic centimetres of space (1 inch x 1 inch x 1 inch). I don’t want to go into the 22% of cold dark matter (CDM) and other forms of matter now because they have been discussed at length elsewhere, but of critical importance to this paper is to recognise and contend at this stage that all the immense power and energy in the electromagnetic waves we have been discussing up to this point is Dark Energy. Dark energy in the standard model is responsible for about 74% of the mass/energy in the universe. Considering Einstein’s famous equation ( E = mc2 ) relating the equivalence of energy and mass, the Energy equivalent of this is so small that it is virtually impossible to measure it in a laboratory, but because this dark energy fills every cubic centimetre of the Universe, it dominates the behaviour of the galaxy and as we have seen is the main player in the Galactic Energy cycle. The existence of Dark Energy has been dreamed up to explain the accelerated expansion of the universe and the enormous figure of 74% of the mass/energy is needed to make the Big Bang theory and perceived accelerated expansion work. The “stealing” of yet another term from classical cosmology and giving it my own definition is becoming a bad habit of mine, but creating another name implies that I recognise the criteria associated with the classical name “Dark Energy”. In a way I suppose it is a way of recognising the concept but redefining the characteristics and associated criteria without rejecting the original idea.
Using “Dark Energy” to define the electromagnetic fabric of space with its inflationary and mass forming capabilities (see later chapter on Primordial Synthesis) needs a dramatic paradigm revolution, because it hits right at the core of our Homeostatic model. It may seem overambitious at this stage to contend that the ratios of baryonic matter, dark matter and dark energy (4:22:74) cannot be accepted within our model, but If space consists of electromagnetic radiation, it is unlikely that there is more energy/mass in this dark or space energy than the matter (baryonic and CDM) that created or emitted it. The classic argument for these ratios is based on assumptions of a model that differs from our homeostatic one and the parameters relating to negative feedback of primordial synthesis in our model negates the need for such a large “dark energy”. As you can imagine, this excess energy if left unabated, must lead to some form of singularity which term does not exist in my vocabulary.
OK, so let’s guess at the ratio looking more like 8:44:48 (or even less dark energy) but lets reserve judgement on this issue until we have discussed the complete picture of the galaxies and universe under the heading “Structure of the Universe”. Our view of this ratio will be even more biased toward baryonic matter once relativity has been discussed because of a revised view of galactic rotation curves will emerge out of our discussions … but more of that later.
We don’t need the massive power of the Big Bang to supply sufficient energy for primordial synthesis of matter … it is right here. This dark energy is what space is about, yet we give it no credibility. We know so little about it. The fact that electromagnetic waves have been proven to interact with Gravitation confirms my contention that these electro-magnetic waves ARE the dark energy. Dark energy is simply and most significantly the sum total of the energy of all the radiation existing in space. In fact it is my opinion that electro-magnetic waves actually ARE the very fabric of space and if dark energy is localised, it is merely an area of higher “space density”.
The energy inherent to these electromagnetic waves contains the future mass to be formed. Because of the cycle of energy it is fair to say that every bit of energy in the universe has to be in this form at some stage. The interaction of these waves with mass or inertia will be discussed at length, but the nature of the interplay of the stages of the energy cycle must recognise this characteristic of space and its potential to become the matter that we are so familiar with. The energy of space will be well demonstrated when we discuss the nature of gravity and the inherent power of this energy to allow mass to contort and warp space in order that we experience what we know as gravity.
The word space has the connotation of “nothing”. This is the furthest from the truth that we can get. It is the opposite. These electromagnetic waves that form space and continually mould space, represent enormous energy that is dissipated so thinly over such a large area that we have neglected its role entirely by calling it “space”. When the density of space is considered it is important to remember the vastness of space relative to the pinpoint stars and other matter. This vastness is the fabric that weaves primordial synthesis of sub atomic particles and sustains the galaxies. The interactions occurring between galaxies is all relevant to our existence and the forces of Inflation and Gravitation are in constant balance locally (in each galaxy) forming the matrix within which our universe is embedded. No such thing as empty space!!!!!!!!!!!!
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Summary of Postulates relating to this Section
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